专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a flywheel (1) dedicated to the storage of energy, comprising a mass or mass body (12) comprising a constituent main material, characterized in that the main material constituting the body (12) is a material having a compressive strength of at least 25 MPa, such as concrete, and in that the body (12) of the main material is wrapped on at least a portion of its outer surface of reinforcing fibers (14) whose winding tension around the body causes compression of said main material. The body (12) is cylindrical and the reinforcing fibers form an envelope (13) under tension covering at least the outer cylindrical surface of the body, possibly also the two end bases of the cylindrical body.
公开号:FR3027644A1
申请号:FR1402430
申请日:2014-10-28
公开日:2016-04-29
发明作者:Andre Gennesseaux
申请人:Energiestro;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

[0001] The invention relates to a flywheel dedicated to energy storage and its manufacturing process. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention will be more particularly described with reference to a wheel made according to the invention based on concrete, without being limited thereto. The main constituent material of the steering wheel will be chosen to be similar to a material of the concrete type so as to be of low cost and compressive strength of at least 25 MPa. In known manner, a flywheel by its mechanical rotation is used in a temporary energy storage device which finds its application in many fields, such as in the storage and smoothing of wind-powered intermittent renewable energies, solar energy, isolated sites, energy release for vehicle braking, etc. In comparison with other electrical energy storage devices such as electric accumulators, the flywheel has the main advantage of an almost unlimited lifetime, implying in the long term a lower storage cost than with other devices. An flywheel has a solid body, usually referred to as "mass", connected to the rotating shaft of an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the flywheel which can reach very high speeds in minutes, or even seconds. After stopping the power supply of the electric motor, the mass of the flywheel having stored kinetic energy continues to rotate and can then restore mechanical energy which is in turn reconverted into electrical energy using the motor as electric generator. The centrifugal force experienced by the mass of the flywheel causes very high tensile stresses for the material constituting the mass. Also it is necessary to choose a manufacturing material that is highly tensile resistant, especially resistant to at least 100 MPa. Today, the mass of a steering wheel is most often made of steel and io in recent years in carbon fiber. However, because of its high cost, especially because of its constituent material, the flywheel is often neglected to favor other types of energy storage devices such as electric accumulators. The invention therefore aims to provide a flywheel cost lower cost than existing flywheels, while being as resistant and efficient. According to the invention, the mass-inertia flywheel comprising a main material, is characterized in that the main constituent material of the body is a material having a compressive strength of at least 25 MPa, such as concrete and in that the body 25 of the main material is wrapped on at least a portion of its outer surface of reinforcing fibers whose winding tension around the body causes compression of the main constituent material.
[0003] Thus, the mass of the steering wheel of the invention is made of a main material, such as concrete, which very advantageously supports compression, and is much less expensive than steel or carbon. Due to the tension that has been imposed on the reinforcing fibers during winding around the mass material, they in tension cause a very strong compression of the mass material. The mass material is prestressed. Concrete is nevertheless a material which has no intention of being used for an energy storage flywheel because it has a virtually zero tensile strength. By bonding reinforced tension reinforcement fibers to the concrete, despite the inherent defect of the concrete due to its relatively low tensile strength, the flywheel of the invention unexpectedly exhibits a high tensile strength property even for very important speeds. Surprisingly, the reinforcing fibers associated with the outer surface of the concrete mass, lead to a sufficient pre-stressing of the concrete, so as to generate the appropriate tensions which will oppose the traction forces that will be experienced by the steering wheel. during its rotation. The assembly, concrete and external covering of the concrete by tensioning reinforcing fibers, advantageously leads to a structure capable of withstanding the tensile forces that will undergo a steering wheel energy storage. Such a flywheel structure achieves high rotational speeds long before the risk of rupture of the main constituent material, allowing storage in large amounts of energy.
[0004] The tension applied to the reinforcing fibers during the winding is such that the stress exerted on the material of the mass is at least equal to half of the maximum allowable stress, this maximum stress being lower than the elastic limit in compression of the material constituting the mass. This elastic limit depends of course on the material. Concrete has a compressive yield strength of 25 to 100 MPa or more for fiber concretes. It will be preferred to use a concrete having a high compressive yield strength, and therefore to use a concrete that is sufficiently filled with cement.
[0005] The thickness of the main material will be much greater than the thickness of the reinforcing fiber envelope, the latter being nevertheless adapted to ensure the appropriate stress.
[0006] In particular, the ratio e / D between the thickness e of the envelope, and D, the diameter of the cylindrical body including the thicknesses of the main material and said envelope, is greater than 1/100. The main part of the body (the mass of the steering wheel) made for example of concrete, may consist solely of concrete as such, or include reinforcing fibers, such as glass or even metal. Concrete as the main constituent material forming the mass of the flywheel is advantageously inexpensive and supports compression.
[0007] Nevertheless, the invention applies to any material other than steel and carbon fibers, and which has a good compressive strength of at least 25 MPa, preferably at least 40 MPa, or even above 80 MPa, while having a low cost, especially a cost of less than 1 E / kg. To date, only concrete has these characteristics. Advantageously, the reinforcing fibers form a tensioned envelope covering at least the outer cylindrical surface of the body, possibly also the two end bases of the cylindrical body. The fibers are preferably glass fibers, optionally combined with polymeric material, for example polyester or epoxy, forming a coating for the reinforcing fibers. The polymeric material is preferably deposited after the filament winding on and between the fibers. The glass reinforcing fibers have the advantage of being light and will optimize the speed of rotation of the steering wheel. Alternatively, the fibers could be carbon or steel. The material constituting the fibers has a high tensile strength of at least 100 MPa. The material constituting the fibers advantageously has a Young's modulus close to that of the main constituent material of the body (concrete), or in particular less than 100 GPa so that the fibers deform concomitantly with the concrete during the rotation of the flywheel.
[0008] The constituent material of the fibers has a low density, especially less than 4 in order not to slow the rotation of the steering wheel and participate in the optimization of the rotational speed.
[0009] In an alternative embodiment, the body of the steering wheel comprises between the concrete and the reinforcing fibers outside the body, an interface layer.
[0010] The reinforcing fibers when they are made of glass are, for example, glass E, which has the advantage of being economical in terms of costs. In the case of using glass E, it is preferred to arrange an interface layer between the concrete and the glass fibers E, this interface layer being for example made of reinforcing fibers, in particular made of glass distinct from the glass. E. Alternatively, the interface layer could be made of another material such as a paint layer. Preferably, for cost reasons, carbon fibers as reinforcing fibers are not used.
[0011] The reinforcing fibers are long fibers and come from one or more son wound under tension around the main material body. In one embodiment, the body is cylindrical and hollow and has an additional material covering the inner wall of the cylindrical body, in particular this material is made of steel. This additional material is for example derived from a conduit or steel cylinder around which was molded the main material.
[0012] The body of the steering wheel is cylindrical and the reinforcing fibers cover the entire outer cylindrical surface and possibly the two end bases of the cylindrical body.
[0013] Advantageously, the reinforcing fibers are wound on the cylindrical surface in a direction tangential to the body, at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the body (helically), in particular at an angle of between 10 and 90 °, preferably at an angle of or near 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the body.
[0014] The winding has several layers so as to provide a certain thickness to the envelope. The layers may comprise windings with an angle of the order of 90 ° then windings with a distinct angle, for example 45 °. In particular, when the two end bases are covered, the filament shell comprises a thickness of fibers in a winding of the order of 90 ° on the cylindrical surface, and an additional thickness in a winding of 45 ° covering the cylindrical surface and the end bases.
[0015] According to another characteristic, the body of the steering wheel is cylindrical and has a central bore extending along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body. For fixing the steering wheel for rotation in the use position, the flywheel comprises two means adapted for fixing and centering, such as hubs, which are secured to the central bore at the two respective end bases. of the cylindrical body. In an alternative embodiment, the body of the steering wheel is cylindrical and solid and comprises a central shaft integrated in said body, the shaft being dedicated to the attachment of the steering wheel for use.30 In yet another variant, the body of the steering wheel is cylindrical and full and homogeneous, and comprises at each distal end base attachment means for mounting the steering wheel and its centering for use. The means is arranged in the center of the end base of the cylindrical body. The whole body is full without an internal cavity. Each of the end bases comprises for example a central boss for accommodating the flywheel attachment means for use. Each fixing means is for example constituted by a hub or a shaft.
[0016] The fastening means has a base that cooperates with the body of the steering wheel, the reinforcing fibers being deposited on the distal bases of the cylindrical body to cover the main material and wrap the base of the fastening means, making them integral with the body of the steering wheel. .
[0017] The combination of said means may further be obtained by gluing or by close engagement and adjusted in the body of the steering wheel when it is hollow or on a part of the flywheel body (central boss) when the steering wheel is full.
[0018] The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the steering wheel of the invention. The method comprises a step of manufacturing the body of the flywheel by molding the main material, then, after curing said material, a step of filament winding under tension of the reinforcing fibers, optionally followed by a step of impregnating the fibers with a polymeric resin. When a means for fixing and rotation is integrated in the body of the steering wheel, the means comprises a base intended to be secured to said body, the method comprises a step prior to winding, positioning at the end bases the body of the steering wheel of the bases of the parts, the winding which follows this step being performed on the entire cylindrical body of main material, including the end bases of said body, and envelops the base of each piece. Thus, the flywheel can be used in an energy storage device. The energy storage device comprises a reversible generator motor and housed in the enclosure, characterized in that it comprises the flywheel of the invention, the steering wheel being associated with the engine, driven by the engine and guided in rotation by bearings. In the remainder of the description, the term "outside" relating to the body of the steering wheel, is understood by qualifying the parties with regard to the external environment of the steering wheel, that is to say the parts that will be arranged at the opposite the motor shaft and vis-à-vis the protective enclosure in the context of a normal installation of the steering wheel. The present invention is now described with the aid of purely illustrative and in no way limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a embodiment of the steering wheel according to the invention, the steering wheel being hollow; - Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an energy storage device comprising the steering wheel of the figure, - Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the steering wheel of Figure I; - Figure 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the steering wheel of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a perspective view of the steering wheel of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the steering wheel, the steering wheel being full; Figure 7 a partial longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the steering wheel for which the steering wheel is also full; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the steering wheel of FIG. 7. The flywheel 1 of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 has a cylindrical body with a longitudinal axis X. With reference to FIG. the steering wheel 1 is intended to be used in an energy storage device 2. The energy storage device 2 comprises in a closed enclosure 15 3, the flywheel 1, an electric motor / generator 4 which is formed of a stator 40 and a rotor 41 'the rotor 41 being mounted on the flywheel 1 and the stator 40 on a shaft fike 5. The shaft 5 is hollow to allow the passage of the power cables 20 5A of the engine. The shaft 5 carries at each of its ends a ball bearing respectively 50 and 51. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 as in the variations of Figures 3 and 4, the wheel 1 is hollow. The shaft 5 passes through the central channel and along its length, the longitudinal body of the steering wheel. The flywheel 1 is associated by its two opposite distal ends 10 and 11 to the shaft 5, and more precisely to the ball bearings 50 and 51, via connecting and fixing members 6. These connecting members 6 are for example two hubs respectively associated with the ends 10 and 11 of the flywheel, and cooperating with the respective two bearings 50 and 51. As will be seen below, the two hubs 6 are integrated in the body of the wheel 1, more particularly to the two end bases 10 and 11 of the cylindrical body of the steering wheel.
[0019] Finally, a magnet 7 can be mounted on the shaft 5 creating on the lower hub 6 (in vertical mounted position of the steering wheel), a force of attraction equal to the weight of the steering wheel, so as to cancel the axial force exerted on each rolling. This arrangement allows the use of small size bearings that withstand high rotational speeds. According to the invention, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the body of the flywheel 1 comprises a mass 12 made of a constituent material, said main material for the steering wheel, for example made of concrete, and an envelope 13 made of reinforcing fibers 14 wound under tension and inducing compressive forces on the mass 12. The concrete mass 12 is made by molding. The envelope 13 is obtained by winding under tension the reinforcing fibers around the mass 12 in order to generate a compressive stress on said mass 12 when it is at rest, that is to say in the absence rotation of the steering wheel. The material of the mass 12 is thus prestressed. The tension applied to the reinforcing fibers 14 during the winding is such that the stress exerted on the material of the mass 12 is at least equal to half of the maximum allowable stress, this maximum stress being lower than the elasticity limit in compression of the material constituting the mass 12. This elastic limit depends of course on the material. For concrete, care will be taken to use concrete with a high compressive yield strength, and therefore to use a concrete with sufficient cement load. The thickness (in the radial direction) of the concrete 12 will be much greater than the thickness of the envelope 13 of reinforcing fibers, the latter thickness being sufficient to provide the appropriate stress. In particular, the ratio e / D between the thickness "e" of the envelope 13, and "D", the diameter of the cylindrical body including the thicknesses of the material of the mass 12 and said envelope 13, is greater than 1/100. Preferably, the e / D ratio is less than 1/10. When the steering wheel is hollow, the mass 12 is annular. Advantageously, when the mass is made of concrete, the annular concrete thickness should be at least half the radius of the cylindrical body of the flywheel, so as to provide with this inexpensive material a maximum mass for the purpose of storing the material. maximized energy. According to the invention, the reinforcing fibers 14 are made of glass, for example.
[0020] The winding is carried out at least on the cylindrical surface of the body of the steering wheel. The embodiment of Figure 1 is a hollow body flywheel. The fibers are arranged on the entire cylindrical surface, except on the end bases 10 and 11. The mass 12 is made of a single material, such as concrete. Nevertheless, this material could be loaded with reinforcing fibers.
[0021] In the embodiment of Figure 3, the hollow flywheel 1 similar to that of Figure 1 further comprises, an additional material 15 forming the inner wall of the cylindrical body. Advantageously, this material provides resistance to the winding of the mass 12 by the reinforcing fibers 14, which has the effect of further increasing the compressive stress with respect to the material 12 (the concrete) main constituent of the steering wheel. The material 15 is for example steel. In particular, the inner wall 20 of steel is formed by a conduit 16 which has been made integral with the concrete during the molding of the concrete. The embodiment variant illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 corresponds to a hollow flywheel for which the end bases 10 and 11 (only being visible at the base 10) are covered by a filament winding 17 of reinforcing fibers 14. Filament winding 17 forms on the cylindrical surface of the body a second envelope covering the first envelope 13.
[0022] The bases 10 and 11 are also wrapped to make the steering wheel fastening and fastening members 6. In Figures 4 and 5 is shown only one base 10, the other base being identical. A piece 6, here forming a hub, is held at the hollow central part of the end base 10 of the cylindrical body by the filament winding 17. The part 6 has a base 60 which is integrated in the winding filamentary 17. Only the orifice 61 of the hub is not covered with fibers (FIG. 5) to make it visible and accessible for the subsequent mounting of the flywheel on the shaft 5 and / or on the ball bearing 50 or 51 In another exemplary embodiment for the mass 12 of the steering wheel, it is not hollow but full.
[0023] Thus, Figure 6 illustrates a solid wheel comprising the concrete 12 and the envelope 13 of reinforcing fibers. To mount the steering wheel in the storage device 1A, the wheel 1 incorporates a shaft 52 which protrudes from the end bases 10 and 11. The shaft 52 has the same function as the shaft 5 of FIG. 52 is made integral with the body of the steering wheel during the manufacture by molding of the mass 12, the shaft 52 having been placed in the mold in which the concrete was poured. The variant of Figures 7 and 8 also shows a solid body. This variant will be preferred to that of Figure 6 for which the risk exists over time, uncoupling the shaft 5 of the concrete. In this variant, the body 12 of the flywheel is homogeneous, that is to say that it comprises no other material than the main constituent material. In this way, the stress in the body remains substantially constant, whereas it increases near a heterogeneity such as a vacuum or a rigid material. So you can turn a full and homogeneous steering wheel faster than a hollow steering wheel, or a full and heterogeneous steering wheel, and thus ultimately store more energy.
[0024] In the example of Figures 7 and 8, the mass body 12 at the end bases 10 and 11 (only being visible the base 10) comprises a central boss 18 from the molding. This boss 18 receives by mutual cooperation a fastening means 6 such as a shaft, the base 60 of said means being reported by mutual engagement around the boss. The fixing means 6 may optionally be assembled by gluing. Said means 6 is secured to the body of the steering wheel by the filament winding 17 covering the end base 10.
[0025] In place of the boss 18, it is possible to provide (during molding) a central blind hole in the base of the cylinder for arranging the fastening means. However, it is best to avoid any cavity in the concrete so as not to cause additional stress.
[0026] By way of example, an flywheel of the invention has the following characteristics: The flywheel 1 is solid cylindrical according to the configuration of FIGS. 7 and 8. - The main material is made of concrete, the concrete having an elastic limit at the compression of 100 MPa. The diameter of the cylinder is 0.6 m. It has a length (height) of 2 m. - Its mass is 1.4 t.
[0027] The thickness of the envelope 13 made of glass fibers is 12 mm. - The mass of glass fibers is 0.11 t, which is much lower than the mass of concrete. The glass fibers were wound at an angle of 900 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and under a tension which gave a stress of 1500 MPa. - The prestress in concrete (compression) is -50 MPa. - The steering wheel can rotate up to 7,700 rpm, at which speed the prestress in the concrete becomes zero. The stored energy is then 23 MJ or 6.4 kWh.
[0028] Therefore, the invention, by virtue of the main material of the mass of the flywheel, which is prestressed via the winding of tension reinforcement fibers, makes it possible to provide such a compression of said material that it is possible to reach speeds. of high rotation before reaching the breaking of the material, which very advantageously makes it possible to store a large amount of energy. The main material is in particular concrete, low cost and resistant to compression.
权利要求:
Claims (12)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. Flywheel (1) dedicated to energy storage, comprising a mass or mass body (12) comprising a main material, characterized in that the main constituent material of the body (12) is a material which has a resistance to compression of at least 25 MPa, such as concrete, and in that the body (12) is made of the main material is wrapped on at least a portion of its outer surface of reinforcing fibers (14) whose winding tension around the body causes compression of said main material.
[0002]
2. Flywheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (12) is cylindrical and the reinforcing fibers form a casing (13) under tension covering at least the outer cylindrical surface of the body, possibly also the two bases end of the cylindrical body.
[0003]
Inertia flywheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material constituting the reinforcing fibers (14) has a tensile strength of at least 100 MPa.
[0004]
4. flywheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers (14) are made of a material which has a Young's modulus less than 100 GPa, and preferably a lower density to 4, such as glass.
[0005]
Inertia flywheel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers of the glass fiber type are combined with polymeric material, such as polyester or epoxy, the polymeric material being preferably presenting as a coating for the reinforcing fibers.
[0006]
6. flywheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers are wound on the cylindrical surface in a direction tangential to the body, at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body, in particular an angle of between 10 and 90 °, preferably at an angle of or close to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body.
[0007]
7. Flywheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (12) is cylindrical and hollow and comprises an additional material (15) covering the inner wall of the cylindrical body, in particular this material is made steel.
[0008]
8. flywheel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the body of the wheel is cylindrical and solid, and comprises a central shaft (52) integral with said body.
[0009]
9. flywheel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the body (12) of the flywheel is cylindrical, solid and homogeneous, and comprises at each distal end base a fastening means (6).
[0010]
10. Energy storage device (2) comprising a protective enclosure (3), a motor (4) which is reversible as a generator and is housed in the enclosure, characterized in that it comprises a flywheel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the steering wheel being associated with the motor, driven by the motor and guided in rotation by bearings.
[0011]
11. A method of manufacturing a flywheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a step of manufacturing the concrete body of the flywheel by molding, and after curing the concrete, a step tension filament winding fibers reinforcing which are secured to the concrete by impregnation of a polymeric resin.
[0012]
12. Manufacturing process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that parts intended to ensure the rotation of the steering wheel are integrated into the body of the steering wheel, the method comprising a step prior to winding, positioning the parts at the end bases. the body of the steering wheel, the winding following this step being performed on the entire cylindrical body of concrete, including the end bases, and enveloping the base of each piece.
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
FR3027644B1|2017-05-05|
CN107002817B|2019-05-07|
EP3212960B1|2018-10-03|
US10281003B2|2019-05-07|
WO2016066933A1|2016-05-06|
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US20170343076A1|2017-11-30|
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ES2699159T3|2019-02-07|
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法律状态:
2015-10-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2016-04-29| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160429 |
2016-10-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
2017-10-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
2018-10-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
2019-10-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
2020-11-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1402430A|FR3027644B1|2014-10-28|2014-10-28|WHEEL OF INERTIA DEDICATED TO ENERGY STORAGE|FR1402430A| FR3027644B1|2014-10-28|2014-10-28|WHEEL OF INERTIA DEDICATED TO ENERGY STORAGE|
CN201580060590.XA| CN107002817B|2014-10-28|2015-10-23|Flywheel for energy storage|
PCT/FR2015/052850| WO2016066933A1|2014-10-28|2015-10-23|Flywheel intended for energy storage|
ES15801896T| ES2699159T3|2014-10-28|2015-10-23|Inertia flywheel dedicated to energy storage|
EP15801896.0A| EP3212960B1|2014-10-28|2015-10-23|Flywheel intended for energy storage|
US15/520,970| US10281003B2|2014-10-28|2015-10-23|Flywheel intended for energy storage|
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